flu
In common usage the terms flu (influenza) and colds for the same disease symptoms can be used.
This is not correct, as flu and colds are each independent condition which must be distinguished from each other.
The flu is a sudden illness that occurs frequently in the months of October through March. The disease can vary greatly from person to person.
Influenza occurs worldwide. Of a flu epidemic is when more people are affected in a particular region of an influenza epidemic than the average for the recent years.
A worldwide epidemic is called a pandemic. Pandemics were particularly bad in the last century, the English (1918 - more than 30 million deaths), Asian (1957 - approximately 1 million deaths) and the Hong Kong flu (1968 - approximately 1 million deaths).
causes
The flu is caused by viruses. Transmission is by droplet infection , that is, when talking, sneezing, etc. droplets fall with the pathogens to the mucosa of the contact. Even when shaking hands a transfer is possible if, for example, Viruses with secretion by the hand and it is located at the contact person for a hand-mouth or hand-nose contact. The incubation period for influenza is one to three days. Just 24 hours before the flu can occur, the appropriate person infect other people . After the outbreak of the disease lasts for three to five days of infection risk. Of young children can start earlier and longer contagious.
symptoms that occur during a flu symptoms are also typical symptoms as influenza (influenza-like illness, ILI short) refers. It includes the following symptoms:
sudden onset of at least 38.5 ° C fever, dry cough
muscle and / or headaches
Other problems that can occur are weakness, sweating, and sore throat . Additional bacterial infections can worsen symptoms.
diagnosis
Outside the flu outbreaks occurring influenza illness can be diagnosed clinically not always clear, because the symptoms of many other respiratory diseases is similar.
to the weddings of the flu ILI symptoms, however, a high significance, so that the clinical diagnosis can be made with high probability. However, it should always be protected laboratory diagnosis in severe and / or complications of the diagnosis. As soon for the treatment decision, the result must be available are suitable while immunofluorescence, ELISA or so-called rapid tests of secretions of the upper or lower respiratory tract. Samples must be taken during the first two sick days. the pathogen is detected must be reported at the health department.
therapy
The treatment of symptomatic influenza in general, if the person not to a risk group heard and to not expect any complications. Bed rest and physical protection are of course in the acute phase. It is also helpful to take pain-relieving and fever-reducing drugs. There is also a bacterial infection, the disease may be given antibiotics by the doctor within the first two days. Persons who are at risk for complications are treated with antiviral drugs (so-called neuraminidase inhibitors).
course
A flu virus often takes more than three weeks until it has healed completely.
as a complication may develop pneumonia, which in the worst case be fatal. Also, a heart muscle inflammation is possible. Complications are threatened primarily older people who already have an underlying illness such as diabetes mellitus or persons with immunodeficiency. Children may develop as a complication of middle ear inflammation . In rare cases the infection spreads to the gastrointestinal tract or central nervous system (CNS) about.
Prevention
The most effective protection against the flu is the flu shot . It must be renewed annually, preferably in the months of October or November. The recommended vaccines offer protection against different strains of influenza viruses and reach a vaccination coverage of up to 90 percent. With age, vaccination is not quite as high, for them the vaccine is particularly important. A flu shot does not protect against a cold ("viral infection").
According to current recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) should the following people get vaccinated:
persons over 60 years
children, adolescents and adults with increased health risks due to an underlying disease such as chronic respiratory diseases, chronic heart, circulatory -, Liver and kidney diseases, diabetes and other metabolic diseases, Multiple Sclerosis with by infections triggered relapses, those with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, with T and / or B-cellular residual role HIV infection - and residents of old age or nursing homes .
persons with increased risk, such as medical personnel, persons in institutions with extensive public transport and people who cared a possible source of infection of them can represent unvaccinated persons at risk.
If an epidemic is threatening the basis of experiences in other countries, or is to be expected and the vaccine contains the new variant (corresponding the recommendations of health authorities).
In times of increased incidence of influenza can also be simple protective measures, such as help avoiding shaking hands, sneezing and coughing to avoid infection.
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