hepatitis (jaundice)
The viral hepatitis, or jaundice, is caused by viruses that give the disease its name: Hepatitis A (jaundice or infectious), hepatitis B (or serum hepatitis), hepatitis C, hepatitis D (or delta hepatitis) and hepatitis E.
by the inflammation of the liver tissue caused by the virus, the symptoms in all forms of hepatitis are very similar.
At the beginning of the disease can cause fatigue, headaches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain in the right costal margin, dark urine, light color of the chair and finally come to the yellowing of the skin.
The disease course is individually very different and is influenced by personal factors such as age, health status and viral Hepatitisart. So it may be hepatitis infections with almost no complaints In contrast to infections with hepatitis severe cases (especially in the elderly) to coma and death.
exists in acute hepatitis is no specific treatment.
hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is spread worldwide. While it occurs more frequently in developing countries, it has declined in recent decades in developed countries in Europe and North America influenced by the growing standard of hygiene. The World Health Organization estimates the number of hepatitis A - diseases on the world 1.5 million per year.
were in Germany after the 2nd World War II, nearly 90% of children and young people with the hepatitis A virus infected, which has helped them to a lifelong immunity. The growing standard of hygiene in recent decades is now estimated the infection rate in children and adolescents to about 5%.
The result of this have in recent years more and more people no hepatitis A protection, and even when traveling in countries with low standards of hygiene and an increased disease risk.
particularly in the Middle East, West Africa, Mexico, Algeria, India, Nepal and South America is for travelers at increased risk of hepatitis-A. According to a study at the Munich Institute of Tropical Medicine carried out in spring 2004 was, could mean an increased and hepatitis risk are identified in some countries of the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe.
The evaluations showed that in Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey are at high risk for hepatitis A infection. A comparison of risk of infection, by the number of passengers to the conclusion that in particular the large number of travelers to these countries represent a source of imported hepatitis A disease.
When traveling to Greece, Portugal and southern Italy, on the risk of becoming infected during a vacation with hepatitis A, compared with Germany, although not extreme, but so greatly increased, that vaccination against hepatitis A can be considered for travelers.
also available in coastal areas generally seafood on the menu more often. In mussels from southern Italy in 2000 Durchseuchungsgrad with hepatitis A virus was detected from 27.4%. There, then, is not low risk - by eating inadequately cooked or even raw seafood - from hepatitis A cancer.
A further investigation of the Italian Health Institute in Rome has investigated several traditional methods of preparation of seafood and it shows that hepatitis A virus infected clams and shellfish are still infectious even after cooking can.
These studies suggest that there is not only for long distance travel to tropical countries, but also in the "near" targets such as the Mediterranean countries and Eastern Europe has a significant risk for infection with hepatitis A and B.
According to the infection epidemiological Yearbook of the Robert Koch Institute (2004) are at least 59% of introduced to Germany in hepatitis A cases from Mediterranean countries. The first complaints after 15 to 50 days - occur (on average 25 30) after infection. In childhood infections may occur without specific symptoms, while the other hand, heavy with age, the infection is.
Hepatitis A disease can last for weeks and is fatal in rare cases. Patterns as seen in chronic hepatitis B or C are not in hepatitis A known.
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by the inflammation of the liver tissue caused by the virus, the symptoms in all forms of hepatitis are very similar.
At the beginning of the disease can cause fatigue, headaches, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, pain in the right costal margin, dark urine, light color of the chair and finally come to the yellowing of the skin.
The disease course is individually very different and is influenced by personal factors such as age, health status and viral Hepatitisart. So it may be hepatitis infections with almost no complaints In contrast to infections with hepatitis severe cases (especially in the elderly) to coma and death.
exists in acute hepatitis is no specific treatment.
hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is spread worldwide. While it occurs more frequently in developing countries, it has declined in recent decades in developed countries in Europe and North America influenced by the growing standard of hygiene. The World Health Organization estimates the number of hepatitis A - diseases on the world 1.5 million per year.
were in Germany after the 2nd World War II, nearly 90% of children and young people with the hepatitis A virus infected, which has helped them to a lifelong immunity. The growing standard of hygiene in recent decades is now estimated the infection rate in children and adolescents to about 5%.
The result of this have in recent years more and more people no hepatitis A protection, and even when traveling in countries with low standards of hygiene and an increased disease risk.
particularly in the Middle East, West Africa, Mexico, Algeria, India, Nepal and South America is for travelers at increased risk of hepatitis-A. According to a study at the Munich Institute of Tropical Medicine carried out in spring 2004 was, could mean an increased and hepatitis risk are identified in some countries of the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe.
The evaluations showed that in Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey are at high risk for hepatitis A infection. A comparison of risk of infection, by the number of passengers to the conclusion that in particular the large number of travelers to these countries represent a source of imported hepatitis A disease.
When traveling to Greece, Portugal and southern Italy, on the risk of becoming infected during a vacation with hepatitis A, compared with Germany, although not extreme, but so greatly increased, that vaccination against hepatitis A can be considered for travelers.
also available in coastal areas generally seafood on the menu more often. In mussels from southern Italy in 2000 Durchseuchungsgrad with hepatitis A virus was detected from 27.4%. There, then, is not low risk - by eating inadequately cooked or even raw seafood - from hepatitis A cancer.
A further investigation of the Italian Health Institute in Rome has investigated several traditional methods of preparation of seafood and it shows that hepatitis A virus infected clams and shellfish are still infectious even after cooking can.
These studies suggest that there is not only for long distance travel to tropical countries, but also in the "near" targets such as the Mediterranean countries and Eastern Europe has a significant risk for infection with hepatitis A and B.
According to the infection epidemiological Yearbook of the Robert Koch Institute (2004) are at least 59% of introduced to Germany in hepatitis A cases from Mediterranean countries. The first complaints after 15 to 50 days - occur (on average 25 30) after infection. In childhood infections may occur without specific symptoms, while the other hand, heavy with age, the infection is.
Hepatitis A disease can last for weeks and is fatal in rare cases. Patterns as seen in chronic hepatitis B or C are not in hepatitis A known.
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The transmission of hepatitis A - virus is fecal-oral contact or by contact infection. This means that both can be transmitted through close personal contact and through contaminated drinking water or food the viruses. An increased risk fäkaliengedüngtes make vegetables (eg salads) or seafood (eg molluscs, crustaceans and oysters) dar.Es Note that with the hepatitis A virus infected people, even if they do not or are not yet ill, further spread the virus still infected and thus as members of their class or family.
Since the virus in Germany to take a situation that allows for rapid dissemination, at least within the social environment, it always comes back to small hepatitis A outbreaks. Especially as the virus excretion before the first symptoms of the disease has its peak, the social environment may have infected at an infected person even before they get complaints and there is any suspicion of an existing infectivity.
protection: Hepatitis-A Vaccination
The vaccination gives a highly effective protection from Erkrankung.Sorgfältige sanitation and good drinking water and food hygiene.
Since the virus in Germany to take a situation that allows for rapid dissemination, at least within the social environment, it always comes back to small hepatitis A outbreaks. Especially as the virus excretion before the first symptoms of the disease has its peak, the social environment may have infected at an infected person even before they get complaints and there is any suspicion of an existing infectivity.
protection: Hepatitis-A Vaccination
The vaccination gives a highly effective protection from Erkrankung.Sorgfältige sanitation and good drinking water and food hygiene.
hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is spread worldwide. Approximately 350 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B - virus infected. Of these, around one million people die from the consequences of infection from liver cancer and liver cirrhosis. In Africa, Asia and the Pacific region is the cancer of the liver caused by hepatitis B - viral infections caused There will be one of the three most common causes of cancer dar. Since 1982 there is a safe and effective vaccination against hepatitis B. The WHO integration of hepatitis B vaccination is recommended in Routineimpfplan for children of all countries in the world. In Germany, the proportion of those who have been infected in the course of their lives with the hepatitis B virus estimated to be about 6%.
determined in the general population, a federal health study that the proportion of chronic hepatitis B - is infected at 0.6%. The first symptoms can occur 40-200 days after infection. The duration depends mainly on the excitation dose. Estimated at 90% of all patients healed from hepatitis B, at about 5 - 10% of them developed a chronic form. About half of the chronically infected develop after 5 years of liver cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis B infection increases the risk of liver cancer compared to the normal population by a factor of 100
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The hepatitis B virus is transmitted through all bodily fluids, especially blood and semen. May be infectious with a high number of pathogens in the blood including saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk and tears. take place in developed countries (eg Germany) 60 - 70% of New cases of genital sexual contact. Infection associated with medical treatment (surgery, dental treatments, acupuncture, etc.) is in the advanced industrial countries, a lower, in the underdeveloped countries and thus also in many destination countries have an increased risk dar. The probability that by the gift of blood and to infected blood products in Germany, is due to careful testing at the time of 1:50.000 - 1: estimated 200,000.
Insufficient hygiene precautions while tattooing or piercing may also, or in intravenous drug addicts through contaminated injecting equipment, hepatitis B virus is transmitted.
protection: Hepatitis - B vaccination
travelers are at increased hepatitis - recommended infection risk, eg due to longer stays abroad, frequent travel, work in medical facilities or in development projects, a vaccination - B. As when traveling to the tropics is also an additional hepatitis A infection risk, a combined protection against hepatitis A and B recommended by a vaccination.
Other protective measures include the consistent use of condoms, avoidance of risky sexual practices ("safer sex") and the use of sterile needles and utensils for drug users.
hepatitis D
The hepatitis D virus is an incomplete virus that only together with the hepatitis B virus (ie, Hepatitis B - infected) are active and can cause symptoms of hepatitis D. In a disease Hepatitis D can cause serious and permanent health damage, including the destruction of the entire liver. Hepatitis D occurs worldwide, especially in the South, Gulf, West Africa and Südamerika.Übertragung: The hepatitis D virus is transmitted through body fluids, especially blood and semen.
protection:
Insufficient hygiene precautions while tattooing or piercing may also, or in intravenous drug addicts through contaminated injecting equipment, hepatitis B virus is transmitted.
protection: Hepatitis - B vaccination
travelers are at increased hepatitis - recommended infection risk, eg due to longer stays abroad, frequent travel, work in medical facilities or in development projects, a vaccination - B. As when traveling to the tropics is also an additional hepatitis A infection risk, a combined protection against hepatitis A and B recommended by a vaccination.
Other protective measures include the consistent use of condoms, avoidance of risky sexual practices ("safer sex") and the use of sterile needles and utensils for drug users.
hepatitis D
The hepatitis D virus is an incomplete virus that only together with the hepatitis B virus (ie, Hepatitis B - infected) are active and can cause symptoms of hepatitis D. In a disease Hepatitis D can cause serious and permanent health damage, including the destruction of the entire liver. Hepatitis D occurs worldwide, especially in the South, Gulf, West Africa and Südamerika.Übertragung: The hepatitis D virus is transmitted through body fluids, especially blood and semen.
protection:
Hepatitis - B vaccination
is after necessary for the outbreak of the disease, the presence of hepatitis B virus, means of vaccination against hepatitis B at the same time be a protection against hepatitis D.
Further protective measures in consistent condom use, avoidance of risky sexual practices ("safer sex" ) and the use of sterile needles and utensils for drug users.
hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a relatively common disease, and she plays for travelers only a minor role. In intravenous drug users have hepatitis C occurs at above average frequency and shows in many cases a chronic Course. The majority of hepatitis C infections are beschwerdearm and often unrecognized. Develops a chronic course but it can cause serious and fatal consequences, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer occur. Transmission: Hepatitis C virus is transmitted through body fluids, in particular blood. With inadequate hygiene precautions while tattooing or piercing may also, or in intravenous drug addicts through contaminated injecting equipment, hepatitis C viruses are transmitted. Protection: Further protective measures are in consistent condom use, avoidance of risky sexual practices ("safer sex") and the use of sterile needles and Utensils for drug users.
Vaccination against hepatitis C unfortunately does not exist.
hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is an acute liver disease, which occurs primarily in developing countries of Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. While hepatitis E, compared to other forms of hepatitis, usually not a serious liver disease, it can take a very dangerous in pregnant women the disease.
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The transmission of hepatitis E - virus is fecal-oral route by contaminated drinking water or food. Protection: Careful Sanitation and good drinking water and food hygiene, vaccination against hepatitis E unfortunately does not exist.
is after necessary for the outbreak of the disease, the presence of hepatitis B virus, means of vaccination against hepatitis B at the same time be a protection against hepatitis D.
Further protective measures in consistent condom use, avoidance of risky sexual practices ("safer sex" ) and the use of sterile needles and utensils for drug users.
hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a relatively common disease, and she plays for travelers only a minor role. In intravenous drug users have hepatitis C occurs at above average frequency and shows in many cases a chronic Course. The majority of hepatitis C infections are beschwerdearm and often unrecognized. Develops a chronic course but it can cause serious and fatal consequences, such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer occur. Transmission: Hepatitis C virus is transmitted through body fluids, in particular blood. With inadequate hygiene precautions while tattooing or piercing may also, or in intravenous drug addicts through contaminated injecting equipment, hepatitis C viruses are transmitted. Protection: Further protective measures are in consistent condom use, avoidance of risky sexual practices ("safer sex") and the use of sterile needles and Utensils for drug users.
Vaccination against hepatitis C unfortunately does not exist.
hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is an acute liver disease, which occurs primarily in developing countries of Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. While hepatitis E, compared to other forms of hepatitis, usually not a serious liver disease, it can take a very dangerous in pregnant women the disease.
Broadcast
The transmission of hepatitis E - virus is fecal-oral route by contaminated drinking water or food. Protection: Careful Sanitation and good drinking water and food hygiene, vaccination against hepatitis E unfortunately does not exist.
Wolfgang Conzelmann Conzelmann
ambulance
13353 Berlin Luxemburger Str 33
Phone: 461 79 23
Homepage: http://www.arzt-berlin
or
skills practice for sustainable medicine
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